全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2051篇 |
免费 | 196篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 12篇 |
2021年 | 44篇 |
2020年 | 22篇 |
2019年 | 28篇 |
2018年 | 26篇 |
2017年 | 36篇 |
2016年 | 50篇 |
2015年 | 79篇 |
2014年 | 70篇 |
2013年 | 98篇 |
2012年 | 125篇 |
2011年 | 139篇 |
2010年 | 79篇 |
2009年 | 71篇 |
2008年 | 105篇 |
2007年 | 120篇 |
2006年 | 105篇 |
2005年 | 75篇 |
2004年 | 96篇 |
2003年 | 89篇 |
2002年 | 62篇 |
2001年 | 31篇 |
2000年 | 38篇 |
1999年 | 58篇 |
1998年 | 25篇 |
1997年 | 26篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 14篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 31篇 |
1990年 | 35篇 |
1989年 | 30篇 |
1988年 | 27篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 30篇 |
1985年 | 27篇 |
1984年 | 20篇 |
1983年 | 17篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 17篇 |
1978年 | 19篇 |
1977年 | 16篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1975年 | 13篇 |
1974年 | 14篇 |
1973年 | 14篇 |
1971年 | 9篇 |
1969年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有2247条查询结果,搜索用时 531 毫秒
51.
Induction of ethanolamine ammonia-lyase formation in Escherichia coli required both the ethanolamine and vitamin B12, and was gratuitous during growth on glycerol. Ethanolamine analogues inhibited enzyme activity and inhibited growth with ethanolamine as the the nitrogen source, but did not act as inducers. Enzyme formation was more rapid when ethanolamine was added to cultures containing vitamin B12 rather than the reverse. Enzyme formation was subject to catabolic repression, glucose and acetate being particularly effective. Chloramphenicol, I-aminopropan 2-01 and 1,3-diaminopropan-2-01 prevented enzyme induction. Ethanolamine ammonia-lyase, resolved from its cobamide coenzyme, was purified 35-fold. The apoenzyme was stable for several days in the presence of ethanolamine, dithiothreitol, glycerol and K+ ions. Enzyme formation therefore requires both substrate and cobamide coenzyme to be present simultaneously as inducers. 相似文献
52.
Meredith F. Small 《International journal of primatology》1981,2(1):91-95
Using weight and skinfold thickness to calculate relative body fat, the fat content of 21 captive female rhesus macaques was
estimated. Although age and. pregnancy had no effect on fat, rank was significant, especially during winter, with high-rank
females having the highest fat scores. Rank therefore has a significant effect on the health of captive animals and may also
affect the health of individuals in feral groups. 相似文献
53.
Microbial metabolism of amino alcohols. Formation of coenzyme B12-dependent ethanolamine ammonia-lyase and its concerted induction in Escherichia coli. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
1. A branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase was partially purified from ox liver mitochondria. 2. The preparation oxidized 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate, 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate and D- and L-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate. The apparent Km values for the oxo acids and for thiamin pyrophosphate, CoA, NAD+ and Mg2+ were determined. 3. The oxidation of each oxo acid was inhibited by isovaleryl (3-methylbutyryl)-CoA (competitive with CoA) and by NADH (competitive with NAD+); Ki values were determined. 4. The preparation showed substrate inhibition with each 2-oxo acid. The oxidative decarboxylation of 4-methyl-2-oxo[1-14C]pentanoate was inhibited by 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate and DL-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate, but not by pyruvate. The Vmax. with 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate as variable substrate was not increased by the presence of each of the other 2-oxo acids. 5. Ox heart pyruvate dehydrogenase did not oxidize these branched-chain 2-oxo acids and it was not inhibited by isovaleryl-CoA. The branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity (unlike that of pyruvate dehydrogenase) was not inhibited by acetyl-CoA. 6. It is concluded that the branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity is distinct from that of pyruvate dehydrogenase, and that a single complex may oxidize all three branched-chain 2-oxo acids. 相似文献
54.
K Hoffken I D Meredith R A Robins R W Baldwin C J Davies R W Blamey 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1977,2(6081):218-220
In a retrospective study in women with breast cancer circulating immune complex levels were measured by radioimmunoprecipitation with 125I-Clq. Before operation all the patients showed plasma immune complex levels significantly higher than those in controls. Twelve months after mastectomy patients identified clinicopathologically as having a good prognosis had almost normal levels of immune complexes. By contrast, patients with detectable dissemination on diagnosis or those who died within 22 months after mastectomy had significantly raised plasma levels. The tumour-specific nature of the immune complexes detected remains to be shown and suggestions about the applicability of this test not only for prognosis but also for monitoring the course of malignant diseases need to be confirmed by further investigations. 相似文献
55.
The report of R. J. Gillies, M. P. Rosenberg, and D. W. Deamer (1981, J. Cell. Phys., 108, 115–122) that sea urchin fertilization acid is anaerobically produced CO2, was reinvestigated by inseminating Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs in HCO?3-free seawater, then bubbling the seawater with N2 to remove volatile acid. Fertilization acid production occurred in HCO?3-free seawater and with N2-bubbling, the pH rose 0.28 ± 0.08 unit, significantly less than the rise of 0.63 ± 0.14 unit during N2-bubbling of HCO?3-free seawater that had been acidified with CO2 and similar to the rise of 0.18 ± 0.07 unit when acidification was with HCl. We conclude that most, if not all, of the sea urchin fertilization acid is nonvolatile and thus is not CO2; since it is not a weak acid, it must be H+. 相似文献
56.
A review of the salt sensitivity of the Australian freshwater biota 总被引:13,自引:7,他引:6
Barry T. Hart Paul Bailey Rick Edwards Kent Hortle Kim James Andrew McMahon Charles Meredith Kerrie Swadling 《Hydrobiologia》1991,210(1-2):105-144
In Victoria, Australia, both dryland salinity and salinity in irrigation regions are serious agricultural problems. One option
to control the latter is to pump groundwater to maintain it below the surface. However, this leaves a saline wastewater for
disposal, probably into local streams or wetlands. This review of the salt sensitivity of the biota of Australian streams
and wetlands gives information of interest to those responsible for developing controls on these discharges. The review addresses
the lethal and sub-lethal effects of salinity on microbes (mainly bacteria), macrophytes and micro-algae, riparian vegetation,
invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds. Data suggest that direct adverse biological effects are likely
to occur in Australian river, stream and wetland ecosystems if salinity is increased to around 1 000 mg L−1. The review highlights a general lack of data on the sensitivity of freshwater plants and animals to salinity increases. 相似文献
57.
Solution properties of fractionated ovine submaxillary mucin (OSM) and asialo OSM (aOSM) in aqueous guanidine hydrochloride have been investigated using light scattering and rheological methods. For the first time we present viscometric evidence in both dilute and concentrated solution that the molecular structure of OSM is that of a wormlike chain. The intrinsic viscosity shows molecular weight dependence consistent with the linear extended chain conformation observed by light scattering measurements. The viscoelastic behavior of the OSM fractions in aqueous guanidine hydrochloride was further examined above the overlap concentration as a function of molecular weight and temperature. Under these solvent conditions in which the role of nonbonding intermolecular interactions is minimized, OSM shows predominantly fluid like behavior. However, high molecular weight OSM shows evidence of the existence of an entanglement network at high concentration. The frequency-dependent shear storage and loss moduli at all concentrations and molecular weights can be scaled to yield a master curve by incorporating typical viscoelastic shift parameters. The entanglement molecular weight and concentration are consistent with literature data for extended, semiflexible wormlike chains. The behavior of aOSM is similar to that of intact OSM at comparable degrees of coil overlap, indicating that the terminal sialic acid residue on the carbohydrate side chain has no effect on the rheology of concentrated OSM solutions beyond that due to an increase in the hydrodynamic volume. 相似文献
58.
R McKenna J Galante F Bachmann D L Wallace P S Kaushal P Meredith 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1980,280(6213):514-517
A prospective study of patients undergoing total knee replacement was carried out by using a combination of 125I-fibrinogen scanning and phlebography, and showed a high incidence of venous thromboembolic disease (TE). Ventilation-perfusion lung scanning was performed to detect pulmonary emboli in most patients. High doses of aspirin and an intermittent low-pressure pneumatic compression device (IPCD) were effective, even in women, in preventing TE. Low doses of aspirin and placebo were equally ineffective in preventing TE. Lung-scan abnormalities compatible with pulmonary emboli were found in six out of 10 patients with isolated calf-vein thrombi. Conventional tests of platelet function did not predict the development of TE. No significant differences were found between the patients receiving low and high doses of aspirin with respect to the mean template bleeding time or platelet aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate, collagen, and epinephrine, although these variables were significantly abnormal in the two groups receiving aspirin compared with those treated with placebo and the IPCD. Thus high doses of aspirin and a new low-pressure IPCD were effective in preventing venous TE in patients (predominantly women) undergoing total knee replacement. 相似文献
59.
60.
A hydrate of cellulose II can be formed by swelling Fortisan fibers in hydrazine and then washing in water. The hydrate is stable at 93% relative humidity and has a monoclinic unit cell with dimensions a = 9.02 Å, b = 9.63 Å, c = 10.34 Å, and γ = 116.0°; the space group is P21. The unit cell contains disaccharide sections of two chains and approximately four water molecules. The structure was refined using the LALS method, based on 10 observed and 10 unobserved reflections. An antiparallel arrangement of adjacent chains was assumed, since this occurs in cellulose II (the starting material), and the hydrate also reverts to cellulose II on dehydration. Refinement of the positions and side-chain conformations of the chains shows that the chains are stacked in the same way as in cellulose II, and the hydrate is formed by insertion of water molecules between the stacks. However, all efforts to arrange the water molecules in crystallographically regular positions led to unsatisfactory agreement between the observed and calculated intensities. These results suggest an irregular arrangement of the water molecules, which was modeled using water-weighted atomic scattering factors. The analysis resulted in two refined models with relative chain staggers of ~ +c/4 and ~ -c/4, which are indistinguishable in terms of the x-ray agreement. Our preference is for the +c/4 model, for which the stacks of chains are analogous to those in cellulose II. 相似文献